Merck Announces First-Quarter 2025 Financial Results

Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced financial results for the first quarter of 2025.

“Our company made strong progress to start the year, with increasing contributions from our newer commercialized medicines and vaccines and continued advancement of our pipeline,” said Robert M. Davis, chairman and chief executive officer, Merck. “We are working with focus and urgency to both realize the full potential of our near-term opportunities and to rapidly progress the next wave of innovation that will positively impact the lives of patients and drive future value creation for all of our stakeholders.”

Financial Summary

$ in millions, except EPS amounts	First Quarter
	2025		2024		Change		Change Ex- Exchange
Sales	$15,529		$15,775		-2%		1%
GAAP net income1	5,079		4,762		7%		12%
Non-GAAP net income that excludes certain items1,2*	5,611		5,279		6%		11%
GAAP EPS	2.01		1.87		7%		13%
Non-GAAP EPS that excludes certain items2*	2.22		2.07		7%		12%
*Refer to table on page 7.

For the first quarter of 2025, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) earnings per share (EPS) assuming dilution was $2.01 and non-GAAP EPS was $2.22. GAAP and non-GAAP EPS in the first quarter of 2024 include a charge of $0.26 per share for the acquisition of Harpoon Therapeutics, Inc. (Harpoon).

Non-GAAP EPS excludes acquisition- and divestiture-related costs, costs related to restructuring programs, and income and losses from investments in equity securities.

First-Quarter Sales Performance

The following table reflects sales of the company’s top products and significant performance drivers.

	First Quarter
$ in millions	2025		2024		Change		Change Ex-Exchange		Commentary
Total Sales	$15,529		$15,775		-2%		1%
Pharmaceutical	13,638		14,006		-3%		-1%		Decline driven by vaccines, virology and immunology, partially offset by growth in oncology, cardiology and diabetes.
KEYTRUDA	7,205		6,947		4%		6%		Growth driven by increased global uptake in earlier-stage indications, including triple-negative breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer, as well as continued strong global demand from metastatic indications, including increased uptake in bladder, endometrial and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cancers, partially offset by timing of wholesaler purchases in the U.S.
GARDASIL/GARDASIL 9	1,327		2,249		-41%		-40%		Decline primarily due to lower demand in China, partially offset by higher demand in most international regions, particularly in Japan, as well as higher pricing and demand in the U.S. Excluding China, sales grew 14%, or 16% excluding impact of foreign exchange.
JANUVIA/JANUMET	796		670		19%		21%		Increase primarily due to higher net pricing in the U.S., partially offset by lower demand in most international markets due to ongoing generic competition, and in the U.S. due to competitive pressure.
PROQUAD, M-M-R II and VARIVAX	539		570		-5%		-5%		Decrease primarily reflects lower U.S. sales of PROQUAD that resulted from borrowing of doses from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric Vaccine Stockpile, partially offset by higher U.S. sales of M-M-R II largely attributable to private-sector buy-in due to measles outbreaks and higher pricing.
BRIDION	441		440		-		1%		Relatively flat compared with prior year, as higher demand and pricing in the U.S. were offset by lower demand in several international markets due to ongoing generic competition.
Lynparza*	312		292		7%		8%		Increase primarily due to higher demand in the U.S. and certain international markets.
WINREVAIR	280		-		-		-		Represents continued uptake since second-quarter 2024 launch in the U.S.
Lenvima*	258		255		1%		2%		Increase primarily due to higher demand in the U.S.
VAXNEUVANCE	230		219		5%		7%		Growth largely driven by higher demand in Europe and the Asia Pacific region, partially offset by lower demand in the U.S. due to competitive pressure.
PREVYMIS	208		174		19%		22%		Growth primarily due to higher demand in the U.S.
WELIREG	137		85		62%		63%		Growth primarily driven by higher demand in the U.S.
CAPVAXIVE	107		-		-		-		Represents continued uptake since third-quarter 2024 launch in the U.S.
LAGEVRIO	102		350		-71%		-69%		Decline largely driven by lower demand in the Asia Pacific region, particularly in Japan.
SIMPONI	-		184		-100%		-100%		Marketing rights in former Merck territories reverted to Johnson & Johnson on Oct. 1, 2024.
Animal Health	1,588		1,511		5%		10%		Growth primarily due to higher demand for Livestock products, as well as inclusion of sales from Elanco aqua business that was acquired in July 2024.
Livestock	924		850		9%		16%		Growth primarily driven by higher demand across all species, a benefit from timing of ruminant product sales, as well as inclusion of sales from Elanco aqua business that was acquired in July 2024.
Companion Animal	664		661		-		3%		Sales consistent with prior year. Sales of BRAVECTO were $327 million and $332 million in current and prior year quarters, respectively, which represents decline of 1%, or growth of 2% excluding impact of foreign exchange.
Other Revenues**	303		258		17%		16%		Increase primarily due to higher payments received for out-licensing arrangements and higher royalties, partially offset by lower revenue from third-party manufacturing arrangements.
*Alliance revenue for this product represents Merck’s share of profits, which are product sales net of cost of sales and commercialization costs.
**Other revenues are comprised primarily of revenues from third-party manufacturing arrangements and miscellaneous corporate revenues, including revenue-hedging activities.

First-Quarter Expense, EPS and Related Information

The table below presents selected expense information.

$ in millions	GAAP		Acquisition- and Divestiture- Related Costs3		Restructuring Costs		(Income) Loss From Investments in Equity Securities		Non- GAAP2
First Quarter 2025
Cost of sales	$3,419		$620		$36		$ -		$2,763
Selling, general and administrative	2,552		23		-		-		2,529
Research and development	3,621		7		-		-		3,614
Restructuring costs	69		-		69		-		-
Other (income) expense, net	(35)		(3)		-		(107)		75
First Quarter 2024
Cost of sales	$3,540		$463		$116		$-		$2,961
Selling, general and administrative	2,483		21		5		-		2,457
Research and development	3,992		16		2		-		3,974
Restructuring costs	123		-		123		-		-
Other (income) expense, net	(33)		(4)		-		(116)		87

GAAP Expense, EPS and Related Information

Gross margin was 78.0% for the first quarter of 2025 compared with 77.6% for the first quarter of 2024. The increase was primarily due to the favorable impacts of product mix and lower restructuring costs, partially offset by higher amortization of intangible assets and the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $2.6 billion in the first quarter of 2025, an increase of 3% compared with the first quarter of 2024. The increase was primarily due to higher administrative and promotional costs, partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign exchange.

Research and development (R&D) expenses were $3.6 billion in the first quarter of 2025, a decrease of 9% compared with the first quarter of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a $656 million charge for the acquisition of Harpoon in the first quarter of 2024 and the favorable impact of foreign exchange. The decrease was partially offset by a $100 million charge in the first quarter of 2025 associated with the achievement of a developmental milestone related to the 2024 acquisition of Eyebiotech Limited (EyeBio), increased compensation and benefit costs, higher clinical development costs, and increased discovery research and early drug development costs.

Other (income) expense, net, was $35 million of income in the first quarter of 2025 compared with $33 million of income in the first quarter of 2024.

The effective tax rate was 13.9% for the first quarter of 2025.

GAAP EPS was $2.01 for the first quarter of 2025 compared with $1.87 for the first quarter of 2024. The increase was primarily driven by a $0.26 per share charge included in the first quarter of 2024 for the acquisition of Harpoon, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange.

Non-GAAP Expense, EPS and Related Information

Non-GAAP gross margin was 82.2% for the first quarter of 2025 compared with 81.2% for the first quarter of 2024. The increase was primarily due to the favorable impact of product mix, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange.

Non-GAAP SG&A expenses were $2.5 billion in the first quarter of 2025, an increase of 3% compared with the first quarter of 2024. The increase was primarily due to higher administrative and promotional costs, partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign exchange.

Non-GAAP R&D expenses were $3.6 billion in the first quarter of 2025, a decrease of 9% compared with the first quarter of 2024. The decrease was primarily due to a $656 million charge for the acquisition of Harpoon in the first quarter of 2024 and the favorable impact of foreign exchange. The decrease was partially offset by a $100 million charge in the first quarter of 2025 associated with the achievement of a developmental milestone related to the 2024 acquisition of EyeBio, increased compensation and benefit costs, higher clinical development costs, and increased discovery research and early drug development costs.

Non-GAAP other (income) expense, net, was $75 million of expense in the first quarter of 2025 compared with $87 million of expense in the first quarter of 2024.

The non-GAAP effective tax rate was 14.2% for the first quarter of 2025.

Non-GAAP EPS was $2.22 for the first quarter of 2025 compared with $2.07 for the first quarter of 2024. The increase was primarily driven by a $0.26 per share charge included in the first quarter of 2024 for the acquisition of Harpoon, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange.

A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP net income and EPS is provided in the table that follows.

	First Quarter
$ in millions, except EPS amounts	2025		2024
EPS
GAAP EPS	$2.01		$1.87
Difference	0.21		0.20
Non-GAAP EPS that excludes items listed below2	$2.22		$2.07
Net Income
GAAP net income1	$5,079		$4,762
Difference	532		517
Non-GAAP net income that excludes items listed below1,2	$5,611		$5,279
Excluded Items:
Acquisition- and divestiture-related costs3	$647		$496
Restructuring costs	105		246
Income from investments in equity securities	(107)		(116)
Decrease to net income before taxes	645		626
Estimated income tax (benefit) expense4	(113)		(109)
Decrease to net income	$532		$517

Pipeline and Portfolio Highlights

In the first quarter, Merck continued to advance its broad and diverse pipeline, achieving key regulatory and clinical milestones across a range of therapeutic areas.

In oncology, at the European Lung Cancer Congress 2025, Merck presented pivotal data from the 3475A-D77 Phase 3 trial evaluating the subcutaneous administration of pembrolizumab with berahyaluronidase alfa (subcutaneous pembrolizumab). Based on these data, applications for subcutaneous pembrolizumab are under review in the U.S. and Europe; in the U.S., the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date is Sept. 23, 2025. If approved, subcutaneous pembrolizumab has the potential to become a new, meaningful treatment option that may increase access and save time needed for administration compared to intravenous (IV) KEYTRUDA. Merck also announced the initiation of waveLINE-010, a Phase 3 trial evaluating a combination regimen that incorporates zilovertamab vedotin, an investigational antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1, for the treatment of patients with previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Additional regulatory milestones include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granting Priority Review to Merck’s application for KEYTRUDA plus standard of care as perioperative treatment for resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC), following compelling results from the KEYNOTE-689 trial. The FDA has set a PDUFA date of June 23, 2025. In addition, Merck received approval from the European Commission (EC) for KEYTRUDA plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for adult patients with unresectable non-epithelioid metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma, based on results from the Phase 2/3 IND.227/KEYNOTE-483 trial. The company also received conditional EC approval for two indications for WELIREG, making it the first and only oral hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha inhibitor approved in the European Union, based on results from the Phase 2 LITESPARK-004 and Phase 3 LITESPARK-005 trials.

In vaccines and infectious diseases, Merck received EC approval for CAPVAXIVE for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal pneumonia in adults, marking the fourth approval for CAPVAXIVE following the U.S., Canada and Australia. Merck also received approval for GARDASIL 9 for males in China, making it the first 9-valent HPV vaccine approved for the prevention of certain HPV-related cancers and diseases in Chinese males 16-26 years of age. At the 32nd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Merck presented positive results from two pivotal Phase 3 trials of the investigational, once-daily, oral two-drug regimen of doravirine/islatravir (DOR/ISL) in adults with virologically suppressed HIV-1 infection. Merck plans to begin submitting applications for marketing authorization of DOR/ISL by mid-2025.

In cardiovascular disease, results were presented from the Phase 3 ZENITH trial evaluating WINREVAIR when added to background therapy in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, Group 1 PH) WHO functional class (FC) III or IV at high risk of mortality. The results, presented at the American College of Cardiology’s 74^th Annual Scientific Session and Expo, demonstrated that WINREVAIR reduced the risk of a composite of all-cause death, lung transplantation and hospitalization for PAH by 76% compared to placebo. The trial was stopped early due to overwhelming efficacy at the interim analysis.

Merck continued executing on its business development strategy to expand and diversify its pipeline. The company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (Hengrui Pharma) for HRS-5346, an investigational oral small molecule Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] inhibitor currently being evaluated in a Phase 2 clinical trial in China. The transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2025.

Notable recent news releases on Merck’s pipeline and portfolio are provided in the table that follows.

Oncology	FDA Granted Priority Review for Merck’s Application for KEYTRUDA Plus Standard of Care as Perioperative Treatment for Resectable LA-HNSCC; Based on Results From Phase 3 KEYNOTE-689 Trial; FDA Set PDUFA Date of June 23, 2025	(Read Announcement)
	WELIREG Received First Conditional EC Approval for Two Indications; Based on Results From Phase 2 LITESPARK-004 and Phase 3 LITESPARK-005 Trials	(Read Announcement)
	Merck’s Investigational Subcutaneous Pembrolizumab With Berahyaluronidase Alfa Demonstrated Noninferior Pharmacokinetics Compared to IV KEYTRUDA in Pivotal 3475A-D77 Trial; FDA Set PDUFA Date of Sept. 23, 2025	(Read Announcement)
	Merck Announced Phase 3 waveLINE-010 Trial Initiation Evaluating Zilovertamab Vedotin, an Investigational ADC, for the Treatment of Patients With Previously Untreated DLBCL	(Read Announcement)
Vaccines	EC Approved CAPVAXIVE for Prevention of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults	(Read Announcement)
Cardiovascular	WINREVAIR Reduced Risk of a Composite of All-Cause Death, Lung Transplantation and Hospitalization for PAH by 76% Compared to Placebo in Phase 3 ZENITH Trial	(Read Announcement)
Infectious Diseases	Merck Announced Positive Data From Phase 3 Trials That Show the Investigational, Once-Daily, Oral Two-Drug Regimen of Doravirine/Islatravir (DOR/ISL) Maintained HIV-1 Viral Suppression at Week 48	(Read Announcement)

Manufacturing and R&D Investment

Merck is making long-term investments in its U.S. manufacturing and R&D capabilities. Merck has allocated more than $12 billion toward U.S. capital investment since 2018 and expects to invest over $9 billion more by the end of 2028. This includes the recently announced opening of a new, $1 billion, 225,000-square-foot facility dedicated to vaccine manufacturing at Merck’s Durham, North Carolina, site.

Upcoming Investor Event

Merck will host an Oncology Investor Event to coincide with the American Society for Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting on Monday, June 2, 2025, 6 p.m. CT, at which senior management will provide an update on the company’s oncology strategy and program. The event will take place in Chicago and will be accessible via live audio webcast at this weblink.

Full-Year 2025 Financial Outlook

The following table summarizes the company’s full-year financial outlook.

	Full Year 2025
	Updated	Prior
Sales*	$64.1 billion to $65.6 billion	$64.1 billion to $65.6 billion
Non-GAAP Gross margin2	Approximately 82%	Approximately 82.5%
Non-GAAP Operating expenses2**	$25.6 billion to $26.6 billion	$25.4 billion to $26.4 billion
Non-GAAP Other (income) expense, net2	$300 million to $400 million expense	$300 million to $400 million expense
Non-GAAP Effective tax rate2	15.5% to 16.5%	16.0% to 17.0%
Non-GAAP EPS2***	$8.82 to $8.97	$8.88 to $9.03
Share count (assuming dilution)	Approximately 2.51 billion	Approximately 2.53 billion
*The company does not have any non-GAAP adjustments to sales.
**Includes $300 million for an anticipated milestone payment to LaNova Medicines Ltd. (LaNova) associated with the technology transfer for MK-2010 and an anticipated $200 million upfront payment to Hengrui Pharma upon closing of the license agreement. Outlook does not assume any additional significant potential business development transactions.
***Includes expected one-time charges of approximately $0.15 per share in the aggregate related to the $300 million payment to LaNova upon completion of the technology transfer for MK-2010 and the $200 million upfront payment to Hengrui Pharma upon closing of the license agreement.

Merck has not provided a reconciliation of forward-looking non-GAAP gross margin, non-GAAP operating expenses, non-GAAP other (income) expense, net, non-GAAP effective tax rate and non-GAAP EPS to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, given it cannot predict with reasonable certainty the amounts necessary for such a reconciliation, including intangible asset impairment charges, legal settlements, and income and losses from investments in equity securities either owned directly or through ownership interests in investment funds, without unreasonable effort. These items are inherently difficult to forecast and could have a significant impact on the company’s future GAAP results.

Merck continues to expect full-year 2025 sales to be between $64.1 billion and $65.6 billion, including a revised negative impact of foreign exchange of approximately 1% at mid-April 2025 exchange rates.

Merck’s outlook includes the impact of tariffs implemented to date by the U.S. government on imports from other countries, plus the tariffs imposed by foreign governments on the U.S., the most significant of which relate to China. Merck estimates the impact of these tariffs will lead to incremental costs of approximately $200 million, which will primarily be recorded in Cost of Sales, negatively impacting gross margin.

Merck now expects its full-year non-GAAP effective income tax rate to be between 15.5% and 16.5%.

Merck now expects its full-year non-GAAP EPS to be between $8.82 and $8.97, including a negative impact of foreign exchange of more than $0.20 per share. This revised non-GAAP EPS range now reflects an anticipated one-time charge of $200 million, or approximately $0.06 per share, for an upfront payment to be made upon closing of the license agreement with Hengrui Pharma, which is expected in the second quarter of 2025. If not for this newly anticipated charge, the updated non-GAAP EPS outlook would have been unchanged from the prior outlook. The guidance range continues to reflect an anticipated one-time charge of $300 million, or approximately $0.09 per share, related to the payment to LaNova that will be recognized upon completion of the technology transfer for MK-2010. In 2024, non-GAAP EPS of $7.65 was negatively impacted by a net charge of $1.28 per share related to certain asset acquisitions, licensing agreements and collaborations.

Consistent with past practice, the financial outlook does not assume additional significant potential business development transactions.

Earnings Conference Call

Investors, journalists and the general public may access a live audio webcast of the call on Thursday, April 24, at 9 a.m. ET via this weblink. A replay of the webcast, along with the sales and earnings news release, supplemental financial disclosures and slides highlighting the results, will be available at www.merck.com.

All participants may join the call by dialing (800) 369-3351 (U.S. and Canada Toll-Free) or (517) 308-9448 and using the access code 9818590.

About Merck

At Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, we are unified around our purpose: We use the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. For more than 130 years, we have brought hope to humanity through the development of important medicines and vaccines. We aspire to be the premier research-intensive biopharmaceutical company in the world – and today, we are at the forefront of research to deliver innovative health solutions that advance the prevention and treatment of diseases in people and animals. We foster a diverse and inclusive global workforce and operate responsibly every day to enable a safe, sustainable and healthy future for all people and communities. For more information, visit www.merck.com and connect with us on X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn.

Forward-Looking Statement of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA

This news release of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA (the “company”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the company’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline candidates that the candidates will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.

Risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; the company’s ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of the company’s patents and other protections for innovative products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions.

The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) available at the SEC’s Internet site (www.sec.gov).

Appendix

Generic product names are provided below.

Pharmaceutical
BRIDION (sugammadex)
CAPVAXIVE (Pneumococcal 21-valent Conjugate Vaccine)
GARDASIL (Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent [Types 6, 11, 16 and 18] Vaccine, Recombinant)
GARDASIL 9 (Human Papillomavirus 9-valent Vaccine, Recombinant)
JANUMET (sitagliptin and metformin HCl)
JANUVIA (sitagliptin)
KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab)
LAGEVRIO (molnupiravir)
Lenvima (lenvatinib)
Lynparza (olaparib)
M-M-R II (Measles, Mumps and Rubella Virus Vaccine Live)
PREVYMIS (letermovir)
PROQUAD (Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Virus Vaccine Live)
SIMPONI (golimumab)
VARIVAX (Varicella Virus Vaccine Live)
VAXNEUVANCE (Pneumococcal 15-valent Conjugate Vaccine)
WELIREG (belzutifan)
WINREVAIR (sotatercept-csrk)

Animal Health
BRAVECTO (fluralaner)

____________________

1 Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.

2 Merck is providing certain 2025 and 2024 non-GAAP information that excludes certain items because of the nature of these items and the impact they have on the analysis of underlying business performance and trends. Management believes that providing this information enhances investors’ understanding of the company’s results because management uses non-GAAP results to assess performance. Management uses non-GAAP measures internally for planning and forecasting purposes and to measure the performance of the company along with other metrics. In addition, annual employee compensation, including senior management’s compensation, is derived in part using a non-GAAP pretax income metric. This information should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, information prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a description of the non-GAAP adjustments, see Table 2a attached to this release.

3 Reflects expenses related to business combinations, including the amortization of intangible assets, intangible asset impairment charges, and expense or income related to changes in the estimated fair value measurement of liabilities for contingent consideration. Also includes integration, transaction and certain other costs associated with acquisitions and divestitures, as well as amortization of intangible assets related to collaborations and licensing arrangements.

4 Includes the estimated tax impacts on the reconciling items based on applying the statutory rate of the originating territory of the non-GAAP adjustments.

MERCK & CO., INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME - GAAP
(AMOUNTS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE FIGURES)
(UNAUDITED)
Table 1
		GAAP							% Change
			1Q25			1Q24
Sales		$	15,529		$	15,775			-2%
Costs, Expenses and Other
Cost of sales			3,419			3,540			-3%
Selling, general and administrative			2,552			2,483			3%
Research and development			3,621			3,992			-9%
Restructuring costs			69			123			-44%
Other (income) expense, net			(35	)		(33	)		6%
Income Before Taxes			5,903			5,670			4%
Income Tax Provision			818			903
Net Income			5,085			4,767			7%
Less: Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests			6			5
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.		$	5,079		$	4,762			7%
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution		$	2.01		$	1.87			7%
Average Shares Outstanding Assuming Dilution			2,531			2,544
Tax Rate			13.9	%		15.9	%

MERCK & CO., INC.
FIRST QUARTER 2025 GAAP TO NON-GAAP RECONCILIATION
(AMOUNTS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE FIGURES)
(UNAUDITED)
Table 2a
		GAAP				Acquisition- and Divestiture-Related Costs (1)				Restructuring Costs (2)				(Income) Loss from Investments in Equity Securities				Adjustment Subtotal			Non-GAAP
First Quarter
Cost of sales		$	3,419			620				36								656			$	2,763
Selling, general and administrative			2,552			23												23				2,529
Research and development			3,621			7												7				3,614
Restructuring costs			69							69								69				–
Other (income) expense, net			(35	)		(3	)							(107	)			(110	)			75
Income Before Taxes			5,903			(647	)			(105	)			107				(645	)			6,548
Income Tax Provision (Benefit)			818			(117	)	(3	)	(18	)	(3	)	22		(3	)	(113	)			931
Net Income			5,085			(530	)			(87	)			85				(532	)			5,617
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.			5,079			(530	)			(87	)			85				(532	)			5,611
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution		$	2.01			(0.21	)			(0.03	)			0.03				(0.21	)		$	2.22
Tax Rate			13.9	%																		14.2	%

Only the line items that are affected by non-GAAP adjustments are shown.

The company is providing certain non-GAAP information that excludes certain items because of the nature of these items and the impact they have on the analysis of underlying business performance and trends. Management believes that providing non-GAAP information enhances investors’ understanding of the company’s results because management uses non-GAAP measures to assess performance. Management uses non-GAAP measures internally for planning and forecasting purposes and to measure the performance of the company along with other metrics. In addition, annual employee compensation, including senior management’s compensation, is derived in part using a non-GAAP pretax income metric. The non-GAAP information presented should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

(1) Amounts included in cost of sales primarily reflect expenses for the amortization of intangible assets. Amounts included in selling, general and administrative expenses reflect integration, transaction and certain other costs related to acquisitions and divestitures. Amounts included in research and development expenses reflect the amortization of intangible assets.

(2) Amounts primarily include employee separation costs, accelerated depreciation and asset impairments associated with facilities to be closed or divested related to activities under the company's formal restructuring programs.

(3) Represents the estimated tax impacts on the reconciling items based on applying the statutory rate of the originating territory of the non-GAAP adjustments.

MERCK & CO., INC.
FRANCHISE / KEY PRODUCT SALES
(AMOUNTS IN MILLIONS)
(UNAUDITED)
Table 3
	2025		2024						1Q
	1Q		1Q	2Q	3Q	4Q	Full Year		Nom %	Ex-Exch %
TOTAL SALES (1)	$15,529		$15,775	$16,112	$16,657	$15,624	$64,168		-2	1
PHARMACEUTICAL	13,638		14,006	14,408	14,943	14,042	57,400		-3	-1
Oncology
Keytruda	7,205		6,947	7,270	7,429	7,836	29,482		4	6
Alliance Revenue – Lynparza (2)	312		292	317	337	365	1,311		7	8
Alliance Revenue – Lenvima (2)	258		255	249	251	255	1,010		1	2
Welireg	137		85	126	139	160	509		62	63
Alliance Revenue – Reblozyl (3)	119		71	90	100	110	371		68	68
Vaccines (4)
Gardasil/Gardasil 9	1,327		2,249	2,478	2,306	1,550	8,583		-41	-40
ProQuad/M-M-R II/Varivax	539		570	617	703	594	2,485		-5	-5
Vaxneuvance	230		219	189	239	161	808		5	7
RotaTeq	228		216	163	193	139	711		5	7
Capvaxive	107				47	50	97		-	-
Pneumovax 23	41		61	59	68	74	263		-33	-30
Hospital Acute Care
Bridion	441		440	455	420	449	1,764		-	1
Prevymis	208		174	188	208	215	785		19	22
Dificid	83		73	92	96	79	340		13	13
Zerbaxa	70		56	62	64	70	252		24	27
Cardiovascular
Winrevair	280			70	149	200	419		-	-
Alliance Revenue - Adempas/Verquvo (5)	106		98	106	102	109	415		8	8
Adempas (6)	68		70	72	72	73	287		-3	1
Virology
Lagevrio	102		350	110	383	121	964		-71	-69
Isentress/Isentress HD	90		111	89	102	92	394		-19	-17
Delstrigo	67		56	60	65	69	249		19	24
Pifeltro	45		42	39	42	40	163		7	7
Neuroscience
Belsomra	50		46	53	78	45	222		8	13
Immunology
Simponi			184	172	189		543		-100	-100
Remicade			39	35	41		114		-100	-100
Diabetes (7)
Januvia	549		419	405	278	232	1,334		31	33
Janumet	247		251	224	204	255	935		-2	2
Other Pharmaceutical (8)	729		632	618	638	699	2,590		16	18
ANIMAL HEALTH	1,588		1,511	1,482	1,487	1,397	5,877		5	10
Livestock	924		850	837	886	889	3,462		9	16
Companion Animal	664		661	645	601	508	2,415		-	3
Other Revenues (9)	303		258	222	227	185	891		17	16

Sum of quarterly amounts may not equal year-to-date amounts due to rounding.
(1) Only select products are shown.
(2) Alliance Revenue represents the company's share of profits, which are product sales net of cost of sales and commercialization costs.
(3) Alliance Revenue represents royalties.
(4) Total Vaccines sales were $2,607 million in the first quarter of 2025 and $3,424 million in the first quarter of 2024.
(5) Alliance Revenue represents the company's share of profits from sales in Bayer's marketing territories, which are product sales net of cost of sales and commercialization costs.
(6) Net product sales in the company's marketing territories.
(7) Total Diabetes sales were $876 million in the first quarter of 2025 and $745 million in the first quarter of 2024.
(8) Includes Pharmaceutical products not individually shown above.
(9) Other Revenues are comprised primarily of revenues from third-party manufacturing arrangements and miscellaneous corporate revenues, including revenue-hedging activities. Other Revenues related to the receipt of upfront and milestone payments for out-licensed products were $95 million in the first quarter of 2025 and $61 million in the first quarter of 2024.

 

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